This study sets out the political and cultural conditions regulating writing for the stage during an era of censorship, the monopolistic royal theatres, and an emerging plebeian public sphere of drama located in London's new playhouses and ''spouting clubs.'' Using a range of neglected plays and manuscripts, it argues for the centrality of burletta, the theatrical locus of the attacks on the Cockney school of poetry and the disruptive vitality of the metropolitan dramatic scene.