In this second updated edition, the editors have added critical reviews to a collection of cutting-edge protocols for gene expression in bacteria, fungi, plants, plant cells, animals, and animal cells. The review articles survey new directions in recombinant gene expression research, technique, and application, and point the way to using recombinant gene expression for metabolic engineering and the production of non-protein molecules. The readily reproducible protocols offer new host-vector systems, such as Anarctic bacteria and moderately halophytic bacteria, vectors for chromosomal editing and metabolic engineering, and information to aid in problem solving, strategy planning, and the promotion of protein folding. Recombinant Gene Expression: Reviews and Protocols, Second Edition offers investigators seeking an overview of this critically important field the understanding and the tools needed to begin producing nonprotein products and altering the central metabolic pathways of cells to enhance heterologous gene expression.