The first edition of this book, published in 2000, received widespread acclaim in reviews of pathology books and in gastroenterological journals such as Der Pathologe and Gut. A number of journals specializing in surgical pathology and gastroenterology recommended that Japanese physicians publish information in English in those fields, making it accessible in other countries, because many of the original papers had been published only in Japanese. In the first edition, I reviewed a large number of articles that were available in both Japanese and English, and tried to include as many Japanese papers as possible. For this second edition, I reviewed many additional papers in both languages that had been published after 2000, and added more endoscopy photographs to enable readers to acquire a better grasp of the correlation between histologic and endoscopic features.For the present edition, specialists from all over the world generously provided not only specimens obtained by resection and biopsy, but endoscopic images as well. In the book, they are gratefully acknowledged by name. Among them, I am particularly grateful to Dr. Miwako Arima, Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Cancer Center Hospital, for supplying many clear and beautiful endoscopic images.