Here is a comprehensive description of the physical, plasma and chemical processes controlling the behavior of ionospheres. Authors Schunk and Nagy detail the relevant transport equations and related coefficients, as well as describe their applicability and limitations. They present wave processes, important ion chemical processes, and reaction rates before going on to discuss the various energy deposition and transfer mechanisms. Coverage also includes a complete description of the various processes controlling the upper atmosphere and exosphere. The second half of the book presents our current understanding of the structure, chemistry, dynamics and energetics of the terrestrial ionosphere, and other solar system bodies. The concluding chapter describes ionospheric measurement techniques. The book will form a comprehensive and lasting reference for scientists interested in ionospheres, and it will also prove an ideal textbook for graduate students. It contains extensive student problem sets and an answer book is available for instructors.