In this book leading profesionals in the semiconductor microelectronics field discuss the future evolution of their profession. The following are some of the questions discussed:Does CMOS technology have a real problem?Do transistors have to be smaller or just better and made of better materials?What is to come after semiconductors?Superconductors or molecular conductors?Is bottom-up self-assembling the answer to the limitation of top-down lithography?Is it time for Optics to become a force in computer evolution?Quantum Computing, Spintronics?Where is the printable plastic electronics proposed 10 years ago?Are carbon nanotube transistors the CMOS of the future?