This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Adaptive Multimedia Retrieval, AMR 2006, held in Geneva, Switzerland in July 2006.The 18 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited papers were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. Also included are two invited contributions that have been intended to open on less-addressed topics in the community, as it is the case for music information retrieval and distributed information retrieval. The papers are organized in topical sections on ontology-based retrieval and annotation, ranking and similarity measurements, music information retrieval, visual modelling, adaptive retrieval, structuring multimedia, as well as user integration and profiling.