ndeavor, say in contrast to Humanistic Psychology of the 1950s, which sharesmany of its premises with one major exception – mainstream, cumulative, andreplicable scientific method? The city of Florence in the fifteenth century offers aclue. When nations are at war, in famine, poor, and in civil turmoil, it is quitenatural that the endeavors they support will be about defense and damage. Whennations are (relatively) peaceful, sated, wealthy, and harmonious, they ask, notjust about removing the disabling conditions of life, but about creating theenabling and ennobling conditions of life.