Advances in Natural Computation, 2 conf., ICNC 2006

The two volume set LNCS 4221 and LNCS 4222 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Natural Computation, ICNC 2006, held in Xi'an, China, in September 2006 as a joint event in federation with the Third International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery FSKD 2006 (LNAI 4223).

After a demanding review process 168 carefully revised full papers and 86 revised short papers were selected from 1915 submissions for presentation in two volumes. The first volume includes 130 papers related to artificial neural networks, natural neural systems and cognitive science, neural network applications, as well as evolutionary computation: theory and algorithms. The 124 papers in the second volume are orgainzed in topical sections on other topics in natural computation, natural computation techniques applications, hardware, and cross-disciplinary topics.