The biomineralization and biomaterials research communities have not been working side by side in the past few years. To our knowledge, no book has addressed before this topic in such an integrated and 'looking forward' perspective. There is, therefore, a necessity for a book that would address, in an integrated way, topics that go from understanding biomineralization processes of different mineralized tissues (that means: not only bone, tooth, etc.) to the use of that science to engineer new biomimetic processes and materials. In fact, only an understanding of the relevant fundamentals and a simultaneous application oriented view will lead to the design of new biomimetic materials and processing routes (including production of biomimetic coatings). There is almost no training content on most of the books that are aimed at presenting new breakthroughs on biomineralization science. So, this book will consitute a complimentary tool as it seemed to be the best forum to educate and brainstorming on this area of such strategic importance.