The book contains the first part of extended abstracts on various issues of ecology and conservation of the butterflies of Europe presented at a conference held in Leipzig, 5-9th of December, 2005. Sections covered are: Ecology of Butterflies – Habitat requirements, Habitat models & landscape influences; Evolutionary biology; Distribution & phenology; Conservation of Butterflies and global change – monitoring butterflies across Europe; Population biology and land use. Keynote speakers of the part covered within this volume are: Chris van Swaay (The Netherlands), Andreas Erhardt (Switzerland), Jane Hill (UK), John Dover (UK) and Martin Warren (UK).