* Comprehensive examination of the compliance system of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol* Covers development and design of the system, obstacles to its effectiveness, the role of state and non-state parties, and the importance of trade measures and other factors for compliance* Contributions from leading international political scientists, lawyers, economists, and natural scientists to this crucial aspect of climate policyGlobal warming is the most severe environmental challenge faced by humanity today, and the costs of responding effectively will be high. While Russia's ratification of the Kyoto Protocol ensures the treaty's entry into force, lack of capacity, or incentives to renege on their commitments, will impede mitigation efforts in many countries. An important prerequisite for the proper functioning of the Protocol is that its compliance system - which is spelled out by the Marrakesh Accords - proves effective.Implementing the Climate Regime describes and analyzes Kyoto's compliance system. Organized into four parts, Part I describes the emergence and design of the compliance system, while Part II analyzes various challenges to its effective operation - such as the development of norms, verification, and the danger that the use of punitive "consequences" may also hurt compliant countries. Part III discusses the potential role of external enforcement, with particular emphasis on trade sanctions. Part IV addresses the relationship between Kyoto compliance on one hand, and international governance, oil companies, and green NGOs on the other.