This book collects together recent results on large-scale structures in non-linear science. Coherent states, convective and turbulent patterns, inverse cascades, interfaces and cooperative phenomena in fluids and plasmas are discussed, together with the implementation of concepts of statistical mechanics to particle physics and nuclear matter. Special attention is devoted to phenomena, such as mixing, which display macroscopicfeatures, even though generated by small-scale dynamical processes. In this context, homoclinic structure, the KAM theorem, Lyapunov stability,and singularities are addressed. A new perturbative technique for classical and quantum fields and new results concerning the analysis of hierarchially organized objects are presented. The book should be attractive for a large audience including engineers, mathematicians and physicists.