This book provides at first ideas on the answers that neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation could give in innovative materials science and technology. In particular, non-conventional, unusual or innovative neutron and x-ray scattering experiments (from both the scientific and the instrumental point of view) will be described which either have novel applications or provide a new insight into material science and technology. Moreover, a capability of the existing and the enhanced constitutive models and numerical procedures to predict complex behaviour of the novel multifunctional materials is examined.