Current advances and results in ion exchange and solvent extraction are explained and procedures for implementation and scale-up of industrial extraction processes are presented. Screening, design, and construction of new solvents by computer-aided molecular design are discussed, including examples of interactive, combinatorial, construct-and-test, and mathematical programing. Some specific topics include design of pulsed extraction columns, purification of nickel by solvent extraction, design of solvents for liquid-liquid extraction, extraction technology for the separation of optical isomers, developments in dispersion-free membrane-based extraction-separation processes, and regularities of extraction in systems on the basis of polar organic solvents and use of such systems for separation of important hydrophobic substances.